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Why was Galileo the first man to establish a split between humanists and scientists?
Before Galileo, a scholar was seen holistically, studying math, speaking, philosophy, arts, etc. Look at Leonardo da Vinci - he was a master engineer and painter yet his legacy is of a Renaissance Man. With Galileo, however, his overall education is lost to his scientific work. Why from that point on were men classified as humanist or scientist but not both?
I would have to agree that essentially humanists and scientists shared the "renaissance ideal." The way they would have been separated is through the rejection of Aristotalian logic to explain nature. In Galileo's case, Aristotle believed that the Earth was the center of the universe and logically "proved" it. Galileo used empirical evidence and mathematics to prove that Copernicus's heliocentric model was actually true. Galileo's rejection of logic to prove natural phenomenon can be seen as a split between humanists and scientists. However, Galileo paved the way for Newton. Newton is an interesting case and he is seen as somewhat of a paradox. Newton was a mechanistic humanist. He believed the earth was created by a Creator but the creator put laws in place to govern nature and the Creator had no hand in the world after creation. He was a theologian--so he went against most humanistic ideals concerning religion. He was an Aristotalian--he valued the use of reason and rationality to discover natural philosophy. He was a scientist--he believed creation was governed by laws which can be mathematically proven. Based on Galileo and Newton I would say that a humanist could be a scientist and vice versa.
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